Relaxation approximation of Friedrich's systems under convex constraints

This paper is devoted to present an approximation of a Cauchy problem for Friedrichs' systems under convex constraints. It is proved the strong convergence in L^2\_{loc} of a parabolic-relaxed approximation towards the unique constrained solution

Experimental realization of an ideal Floquet disordered system

The atomic Quantum Kicked Rotor is an outstanding "quantum simulator" for the exploration of transport in disordered quantum systems. Here we study experimentally the phase-shifted quantum kicked rotor, which we show to display properties close to an ideal disordered quantum system, opening new windows into the study of Anderson physics.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, submitted to New Journal of Physics focus issue on Quantum Transport with Ultracold Atom

Controlling symmetry and localization with an artificial gauge field in a disordered quantum system

Anderson localization, the absence of diffusion in disordered media, draws its origins from the destructive interference between multiple scattering paths. The localization properties of disordered systems are expected to be dramatically sensitive to their symmetry characteristics. So far however, this question has been little explored experimentally. Here, we investigate the realization of an artificial gauge field in a synthetic (temporal) dimension of a disordered, periodically-driven (Floquet) quantum system. Tuning the strength of this gauge field allows us to control the time-reversal symmetry properties of the system, which we probe through the experimental observation of three symmetry-sensitive `smoking-gun' signatures of localization. The first two are the coherent backscattering, marker of weak localization, and the coherent forward scattering, genuine interferential signature of Anderson localization, observed here for the first time. The third is the direct measurement of the $\beta(g)$ scaling function in two different symmetry classes, allowing to demonstrate its universality and the one-parameter scaling hypothesis

Trusting Computations: a Mechanized Proof from Partial Differential Equations to Actual Program

Computer programs may go wrong due to exceptional behaviors, out-of-bound array accesses, or simply coding errors. Thus, they cannot be blindly trusted. Scientific computing programs make no exception in that respect, and even bring specific accuracy issues due to their massive use of floating-point computations. Yet, it is uncommon to guarantee their correctness. Indeed, we had to extend existing methods and tools for proving the correct behavior of programs to verify an existing numerical analysis program. This C program implements the second-order centered finite difference explicit scheme for solving the 1D wave equation. In fact, we have gone much further as we have mechanically verified the convergence of the numerical scheme in order to get a complete formal proof covering all aspects from partial differential equations to actual numerical results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such a comprehensive proof is achieved.Comment: N° RR-8197 (2012). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1112.179

Dark Optical Lattice of Ring Traps for Cold Atoms

We propose a new geometry of optical lattice for cold atoms, namely a lattice made of a 1D stack of dark ring traps. It is obtained through the interference pattern of a standard Gaussian beam with a counter-propagating hollow beam obtained using a setup with two conical lenses. The traps of the resulting lattice are characterized by a high confinement and a filling rate much larger than unity, even if loaded with cold atoms from a MOT. We have implemented this system experimentally, and obtained a lattice of ring traps populated with typically 40 atoms per site with a life time of 30 ms. Applications in statistical physics, quantum computing and Bose-Einstein condensate dynamics are conceivable.Comment: 4 pages, submitted to PR

Caractérisation de la voie d'activation des interférons de type I

Codirecteur de recherche: Dr Sylvain MelocheDurant ces quatre dernières années, le champ de recherche concernant l’immunité innée a grandement été influencé par la découverte des IKK-related kinases, TBK1 et IKKi, deux kinases régulant l’activité des facteurs de transcription IRF-3/IRF-7 et NF-κB. Les kinases TBK1 and IKKi furent notamment démontrées comme étant responsables de la phosphorylation en C-terminal de IRF-3. Toutefois, l’identité des sites phosphoaccepteurs ciblés par ces kinases restait un sujet de controverse. En combinant la spectrométrie de masse aux essais de phosphorylation in vitro de His-IRF-3 par la kinase recombinante TBK1, nous démontrons que les sérines 396 et 402 sont directement phosphorylées par cette kinase. Nos analyses biochimiques révèlent également que la mutation S396A, localisée dans le cluster II, abolit l’homodimérisation, l’association à CBP et l’accumulation nucléaire de IRF-3. De façon intéressante, la mutation de la sérine 339, impliquée dans la stabilité de IRF-3, provoque également une perte d’association à CBP et de la dimérisation du facteur de transcription sans toutefois affecter la transactivation des gènes antiviraux en autant que la sérine 396 soit disponible pour accepter un événement de phosphorylation. Nos expériences de complémentation de MEFs IRF-3 KO révèlent la présence d’un mécanisme compensatoire impliquant la sérine 339 et la sérine 396 dans l’induction des IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), ISG56 and ISG54. Globalement, les données présentées dans cette étude nous ont permis de reconsidérer le modèle d’activation du facteur de transcription IRF-3 actuellement proposé et d’y ajouter certaines subtilités. TRAF3 est également un médiateur central impliqué dans l’induction de la réponse interféron de type I. Cette fois, en couplant la spectrométrie de masse à la technique de purification protéique par affinité, nous avons identifié Sec16A et p115, deux protéines du système de transport vésiculaire ER-Golgi , comme étant des nouveaux partenaires protéiques de Flag-TRAF3. Nos expériences démontrent la localisation cellulaire de TRAF3 au niveau du système de transport vésiculaire. De plus, la diminution des niveaux d’expression de p115 ou Sec16A provoque une redistribution cellulaire de TRAF3 et affecte la réponse interféron suivant une stimulation par de l’ARN double brin. Nos résultats démontrent également une colocalisation de TRAF3 et TRADD au niveau du cis-Golgi ainsi qu’une interaction avec la protéine du translocon Sec61β médiée par l’intermédiaire de Sec5. De façon générale, nos données suggèrent que la localisation cellulaire de TRAF3 au niveau des compartiments de transport vésiculaire est requise afin d’obtenir une réponse antiviral optimale par la voie de signalisation cellulaire associée aux RIG-I-like RNA helicases, RIG-I et MDA5. Nos données appuient également le rôle potentiel précédemment suggéré de l’exocyste dans l’établissement d’une réponse antivirale.Over the past four years, the field of the innate immune response has been highly influenced by the discovery of the IκB kinase (IKK)-related kinases, TBK1 and IKKi, which regulate the activity of IRF-3/IRF-7 and NF-κB transcription factors. The IKK-related kinases, TBK1 and IKKi, were recently shown to be responsible for the C-terminal phosphorylation of IRF-3. However, the identity of the phosphoacceptor site(s) targeted by these two kinases remains unclear. By combining mass spectrometry analysis to in vitro kinase assays using full length His-IRF3 as a substrate, we have demonstrated that serine 402 and serine 396 were directly targeted by TBK1. Analysis of Ser/Thr to Ala mutants revealed that S396A mutation, located in cluster II, abolished IRF-3 homodimerization, CBP association and nuclear accumulation. Interestingly, mutation of serine 339, which is involved in IRF-3 stability, also abrogated CBP association and dimerization without affecting gene transactivation as long as serine 396 remained available for phosphorylation. Complementation of MEFs IRF-3 KO also reveals a compensatory mechanism of serine 339 and serine 396 in the ability of IRF-3 to induce IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) ISG56 and ISG54 expression. These data lead us to reconsider the current model of IRF-3 activation. TRAF3 is also a central mediator that is important for inducing type I interferon production in response to intracellular double-stranded RNA. By combining Flag-Affinity purification using Flag-TRAF3 as a bait to mass spectrometry, we have identified Sec16A and p115, two proteins of the ER-to-Golgi vesicular transport system, as novel TRAF3 interactors. We found that TRAF3 localizes to the ER-to-Golgi vesicular pathway and behaves like a cis-Golgi protein. Depletion of p115 or Sec16A disrupts the cis-Golgi cellular localization of TRAF3 and affects type I Interferon response following double-stranded RNA treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TRAF3 colocalizes with TRADD at the cis-Golgi and also interacts with the translocon protein Sec61β in a Sec5 dependent manner. Together, our data suggest that the cellular localization of TRAF3 to the ER-to-Golgi transport compartments is required for an optimal RIG-I-like Helicases (RLH)-Cardif-dependent antiviral immune response. Our findings also highlight the potential role of the exocyst in the innate immune response

Sophie Jollin-Bertocchi, Lia Kurts-Wöste, Anne-Marie Paillet et Claire Stolz, dirs, La Simplicité. Manifestations et enjeux culturels du simple en art

Depuis l’Antiquité, le terme de « simplicité » est présent aussi bien dans la littérature que dans les beaux-arts, dans les sciences que dans la morale. Cette diversité de contextes, également d’usages ou de projets, puisque le même concept peut servir à décrire, à interpréter ou à juger, met immédiatement en question l’évidence d’un tel terme. Pour construire une problématique, limitée ici au domaine de la littérature et de quelques arts plastiques ou musicaux, ce qui exclut d’emblée toute r..